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Seismic fragility assessment of revised MRT buildings considering typical construction changes

Rakesh DUMARU, Hugo RODRIGUES, Humberto VARUM

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 241-266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0560-4

摘要： The present study investigates the vulnerability assessment of the prototype revised Mandatory Rule of Thumb (MRT) buildings initially designed and detailed for three storeys bare frame building; later modified through variable number of storeys (three, four, and five) and different arrangement of infill walls (bare frame, soft-storey, irregular infilled, and fully infilled). The application of infill walls increases the fundamental frequencies, stiffness, and maximum strength capacity, but reduces the deformation capability than the bare frame building. The vulnerability was also reduced through infill walls, where the probability of exceeding partial-collapse and collapse damage reduced by 80% and 50%, respectively. Furthermore, the increased in storeys (three to five) also increases the failure probability, such that partial-collapse and collapse for fully infilled increases by almost 55% and 80%, respectively. All obtained results and discussions concluded that the structural sections and details assigned for MRT building is not sufficient if considered as bare frame and soft-storey. And increase in number of storeys causes building highly vulnerable although the infill walls were considered.

关键词： mid-rise buildings     revised NBC 205: 2012     masonry infill walls     configurations of infill walls     vulnerability assessment and inter-storey drift    

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Seismic vulnerability assessment of water supply network in Tianjin, China

Yanxi CHEN,Zhiguang NIU,Jiaqi BAI,Yufei WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第5期   页码 767-775 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0632-6

摘要： The water supply network (WSN) system is a critical element of civil infrastructure systems. Its complexity of operation and high number of components mean that all parts of the system cannot be simply assessed. Earthquakes are the most serious natural hazard to a WSN, and seismic risk assessment is essential to identify its vulnerability to different stages of damage and ensure the system safety. In this paper, using a WSN located in the airport area of Tianjin in northern China as a case study, a quantitative vulnerability assessment method was used to assess the damage that the water supply pipelines would suffer in an earthquake, and the finite element software ABAQUS and fuzzy mathematic theory were adopted to construct the assessment method. ABAQUS was applied to simulate the seismic damage to pipe segments and components of the WSN. Membership functions based on fuzzy theory were established to calculate the membership of the components in the system. However, to consider the vulnerability of the whole system, fuzzy cluster analysis was used to distinguish the importance of pipe segments and components. Finally, the vulnerability was quantified by these functions. The proposed methodology aims to assess the performance of WSNs based on pipe vulnerabilities that are simulated and calculated by the model and the mathematical method based on data of damage. In this study, a whole seismic vulnerability assessment method for a WSN was built, and these analyses are expected to provide necessary information for a mitigation plan in an earthquake disaster.

关键词： water supply network     seismic vulnerability assessment     finite element     fuzzy mathematics    

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Application of BCP-2007 and UBC-97 in seismic vulnerability assessment of gravity designed RC buildings

Muhammad Usman ALI, Shaukat Ali KHAN, Muhammad Yousaf ANWAR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 396-405 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0436-4

摘要： Recent earthquakes in Pakistan (Kashmir 2005, Balochistan 2008, and Balochistan 2013) revealed the vulnerability of existing building stock and the deficiencies in the then prevalent Pakistan Seismic Code (PSC-86 (1986)). This study investigates, through an analytical framework, the seismic vulnerability of these and other such buildings, in accordance with the newly developed Building Code of Pakistan – Seismic Provisions 2007 (BCP-SP 07). Detailed failure mode is presented for buildings designed as per the new code. Collapse of structures is predicted for only 8% increase in PGA after moderate damage. A previously developed method, based on Eurocode-8 (2004), is used as baseline. A deficient reinforced concrete frame, typical to local building practices, is analyzed and assessed for vulnerability using the BCP- SP 07 (2007) framework. A comparison is drawn for the same building, based on Eurocode-8 (2004). Derived vulnerability curves show that the previous framework overestimated the damage and hence the vulnerability. Comparison of vulnerability parameters with previous studies show slight difference in performance of buildings.

关键词： Building Code of Pakistan     earthquake engineering     seismic effects     vulnerability assessment of buildings     vulnerability framework    

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Assessing the impact on groundwater safety of inter-basin water transfer using a coupled modeling approach

Haifeng JIA,Shidong LIANG,Yansong ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 84-95 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0741-2

摘要： Surface water and groundwater always behave in a coupled manner and are major components of hydrologic cycle. However, surface water simulation models and groundwater simulation models are run separately most of the time. Few models focus on the impact of hydraulic changes in the surface water flows on the groundwater, or specifically, the impact of a water transfer project to fill a seasonally dry channel. In this study, a linked surface water and groundwater simulation model was developed to assess the impact of a trans-basin water diversion project on the groundwater. A typical plain area east of Beijing was selected as a case study, representing Beijing’s main source of groundwater used for drinking water. A surface water quality model of the Chaobai River was developed based on the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP), and a groundwater model was developed based on the Modular Finite-Difference Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW) and the Modular 3-D transport model (MT3D). The results of the surface water simulation were used as input for the groundwater simulation. Water levels and four contaminants (NH -N, COD , F, As) were simulated. With the same initial and boundary conditions, scenario analyses were performed to quantify the impact of different quantities of diversion water on the groundwater environment. The results showed the water quality of the groundwater sources was not significantly affected.

关键词： surface water     groundwater     linked model     groundwater safety impact assessment     water diversion    

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Assessment of robustness of structures: Current state of research

Colin BRETT, Yong LU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 356-368 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0220-z

摘要： The concept of structural robustness and relevant design guidelines have been in existence in the progressive collapse literature since the 1970s following the partial collapse of the Ronan Point apartment building; however, in the more general context, research on the evaluation and enhancement of structural robustness is still relatively limited. This paper is aimed to provide a general overview of the current state of research concerning structural robustness. The focus is placed on the quantification and the associated evaluation methodologies, rather than specific measures to ensure prescriptive robustness requirements. Some associated concepts, such as redundancy and vulnerability, will be discussed and interpreted in the general context of robustness such that the corresponding methodologies can be compared quantitatively using a comparable scale. A framework methodology proposed by the authors is also introduced in line with the discussion of the literature.

关键词： structural robustness     abnormal exposure     vulnerability     collapse     consequence    

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Liquefaction assessment using microtremor measurement, conventional method and artificial neural network

Sadegh REZAEI,Asskar Janalizadeh CHOOBBASTI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 292-307 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0256-8

摘要： Recent researchers have discovered microtremor applications for evaluating the liquefaction potential. Microtremor measurement is a fast, applicable and cost-effective method with extensive applications. In the present research the liquefaction potential has been reviewed by utilization of microtremor measurement results in Babol city. For this purpose microtremor measurements were performed at 60 measurement stations and the data were analyzed by suing Nakmaura’s method. By using the fundamental frequency and amplification factor, the value of vulnerability index ( ) was calculated and the liquefaction potential has been evaluated. To control the accuracy of this method, its output has been compared with the results of Seed and Idriss [ ] method in 30 excavated boreholes within the study area. Also, the results obtained by the artificial neural network (ANN) were compared with microtremor measurement. Regarding the results of these three methods, it was concluded that the threshold value of liquefaction potential is . On the basis of the analysis performed in this research it is concluded that microtremors have the capability of assessing the liquefaction potential with desirable accuracy.

关键词： liquefaction     microtremor     vulnerability index     artificial neural networks (ANN)     microzonation    

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Controlling interstory drift ratio profiles via topology optimization strategies

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 165-178 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0892-3

摘要： An approach to control the profiles of interstory drift ratios along the height of building structures via topology optimization is proposed herein. The theoretical foundation of the proposed approach involves solving a min–max optimization problem to suppress the maximum interstory drift ratio among all stories. Two formulations are suggested: one inherits the bound formulation and the other utilizes a p-norm function to aggregate all individual interstory drift ratios. The proposed methodology can shape the interstory drift ratio profiles into inverted triangular or quadratic patterns because it realizes profile control using a group of shape weight coefficients. The proposed formulations are validated via a series of numerical examples. The disparity between the two formulations is clear. The optimization results show the optimal structural features for controlling the interstory drift ratios under different requirements.

关键词： interstory drift ratio     aggregation function     bound formulation     min–max problem     topology optimization    

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Hazard and vulnerability evaluation of water distribution system in cases of contamination intrusion

Kunlun XIN, Tao TAO, Yong WANG, Suiqing LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第6期   页码 839-848 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0409-8

摘要： In this paper, it proposed an index system for hazard and vulnerability evaluations of water distribution networks, based on the simulation of contamination events caused by pollutant injections at different junctions. It attempted to answer the following two questions in the case of contamination events: 1) Which are the most hazardous junctions? 2) Which are the most vulnerable junctions? With EPANET toolkit, it simulated the propagation of the contaminant, and calculated the peak concentration of the contaminant and mass delivered at different nodes. According to types of consumers, different weights were assigned to the consumer nodes for assessing the influence of the contaminant on the consumers. Using the method proposed herein, both the hazard index and vulnerability index were calculated for each node in the pipe network. The presented method was therefore applied to the water network of the city of Zhenjiang, which contains two water plants, two booster pump stations with storage tanks. In conclusion, the response time, the relationships between the peak concentration of contaminant and the total absorption are the most important factors in hazard and vulnerability evaluation of the water distribution network.

关键词： water distribution network     hazard     vulnerability     contaminant accident    

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Enhanced empirical models for predicting the drift capacity of less ductile RC columns with flexural,

Mohammad Reza AZADI KAKAVAND, Reza ALLAHVIRDIZADEH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第5期   页码 1251-1270 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0554-2

摘要： Capacity of components subjected to earthquake actions is still a widely interesting research topic. Hence, developing precise tools for predicting drift capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) columns is of great interest. RC columns are not only frequently constructed, but also their composite behavior makes the capacity prediction a task faced with many uncertainties. In the current article, novel empirical approaches are presented for predicting flexural, shear and axial failure modes in RC columns. To this aim, an extensive experimental database was created by collecting outcomes of previously conducted experimental tests since 1964, which are available in the literature. It serves as the basis for deriving the equations for predicting the drift capacity of RC columns by different regression analyses (both linear with different orders and nonlinear). Furthermore, fragility curves are determined for comparing the obtained results with the experimental results and with previously proposed models, like the ones of ASCE/SEI 41-13. It is demonstrated that the proposed equations predict drift capacities, which are in better agreement with experimental results than those computed by previously published models. In addition, the reliability of the proposed equations is higher from a probabilistic point of view.

关键词： flexural-shear-axial failure     drift capacity     reinforced concrete columns     statistical analysis     fragility curves    

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A combined modulated feedback and temperature compensation approach to improve bias drift of a closed-loop

Ming-jun MA,Zhong-he JIN,Hui-jie ZHU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第16卷 第6期   页码 497-510 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400349

摘要： The bias drift of a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer suffers from the 1/ noise and the temperature effect. For massive applications, the bias drift urgently needs to be improved. Conventional methods often cannot address the 1/ noise and temperature effect in one architecture. In this paper, a combined approach on closed-loop architecture modification is proposed to minimize the bias drift. The modulated feedback approach is used to isolate the 1/ noise that exists in the conventional direct feedback approach. Then a common mode signal is created and added into the closed loop on the basis of modulated feedback architecture, to compensate for the temperature drift. With the combined approach, the bias instability is improved to less than 13 μ , and the drift of the Allan variance result is reduced to 17 μ at 100 s of the integration time. The temperature coefficient is reduced from 4.68 to 0.1 m /°C. The combined approach could be useful for many other closed-loop accelerometers.

关键词： Bias drift     Closed-loop MEMS accelerometer     Modulated feedback approach     Temperature compensation    

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The use of Artificial Neural Networks to estimate seismic damage and derive vulnerability functions for

Tiago Miguel FERREIRA, João ESTÊVÃO, Rui MAIO, Romeu VICENTE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 609-622 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0623-6

摘要： This paper discusses the adoption of Artificial Intelligence-based techniques to estimate seismic damage, not with the goal of replacing existing approaches, but as a mean to improve the precision of empirical methods. For such, damage data collected in the aftermath of the 1998 Azores earthquake (Portugal) is used to develop a comparative analysis between damage grades obtained resorting to a classic damage formulation and an innovative approach based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The analysis is carried out on the basis of a vulnerability index computed with a hybrid seismic vulnerability assessment methodology, which is subsequently used as input to both approaches. The results obtained are then compared with real post-earthquake damage observation and critically discussed taking into account the level of adjustment achieved by each approach. Finally, a computer routine that uses the ANN as an approximation function is developed and applied to derive a new vulnerability curve expression. In general terms, the ANN developed in this study allowed to obtain much better approximations than those achieved with the original vulnerability approach, which has revealed to be quite non-conservative. Similarly, the proposed vulnerability curve expression was found to provide a more accurate damage prediction than the traditional analytical expressions.

关键词： Artificial Neural Networks     seismic vulnerability     masonry buildings     damage estimation     vulnerability curves    

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京津城际铁路桥梁沉降观测与评估技术

丁愿文

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第1期   页码 43-47

摘要：

以京津城际铁路工程为例，系统地介绍了无碴轨道客运专线（高速铁路）桥梁沉降观测的具体要求、方法，并提出了沉降评估的数学模型和判定条件。

关键词： 京津城际铁路     桥梁     沉降观测     评估    

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Impact of inter-fuel substitution on energy intensity in Ghana

Boqiang LIN, Hermas ABUDU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 27-41 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0656-5

摘要： Energy intensity and elasticity, together with inter-fuel substitution are key issues in the current development stage of Ghana. Translog production and ridge regression are applied for studying these issues with a data range of 2000–2015. The current energy dynamics reveal the expected inverse relationship: higher energy intensity and lower elasticity with economic growth. There are evidences of energy-economic challenges: high energy cost, inefficiency and backfire rebound effect. The implications are higher energy losses in the system, more consumption of lower-quality energy together with low energy technology innovation. Energy is wasted and directly not productive with economic activities. It is observed further that the higher energy intensity invariably increases CO emission because approximately 95% of total energy is derived from hydrocarbons and biomass. An inter-fuel substitution future scenario design was further conducted and the results were positive with growth, lower energy intensity, and improved energy efficiency. Therefore, government and energy policymakers should improve energy efficiency, cost, and productiveness. That is, they should change energy compositions and augment energy technology innovation, thus, increasing renewable share to 15% by 2026, reducing wood and charcoal by about 69%, and increasing natural gas to about 776%. Energy policymakers should enhance the installation of smart energy, cloud energy solution, tokenization of energy system and storage.

关键词： energy intensity     energy elasticity     inter-fuel substitution prospects     energy contribution     Translog production approach     ridge regression    

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单一方法评价结论漂移性的测度研究

陈国宏,李美娟,陈衍泰

《中国工程科学》 2004年 第6卷 第3期   页码 58-63

摘要：

主要研究单一方法评价结论的漂移性，以便为组合评价提供实验依据。把现实评价问题分为3大类分别进行仿真实验，利用MATLAB生成待评价对象，利用不同方法进行评价，把评价结果进行标准化处理，并判别评价方法的相容性，以相容方法的平均值为参照系，求各评价方法的漂移度。

关键词： 综合评价方法     计算机仿真实验     漂移性    

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Experimental investigation and comparative study of inter-turn short-circuits and unbalanced voltage

Fatima BABAA, Abdelmalek KHEZZAR, Mohamed el kamel OUMAAMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 271-278 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0258-6

摘要： A transient model for an induction machine with stator winding turn faults on a single phase is derived using reference frame transformation theory. The negative sequence component and the 3rd harmonic are often considered as accurate indicators. However, small unbalance in the supply voltage and/or in the machine structure that exists in any real system engenders the same harmonics components. In this case, it is too difficult to distinguish between the current harmonics due to the supply voltage and those originated by inter-turn short-circuit faults. For that, to have the correct diagnosis and to increase the sensitivity and the reliability of the diagnostic system, it is crucial to provide the relationship between the inter-turn short-circuits in the stator winding and the supply voltage imbalance through an accurate mathematical model and via a series of experimental essays.

关键词： induction machines     fault indicator     inter-turn short-circuit fault     unbalance supply voltage    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Seismic fragility assessment of revised MRT buildings considering typical construction changes

Rakesh DUMARU, Hugo RODRIGUES, Humberto VARUM

期刊论文

Seismic vulnerability assessment of water supply network in Tianjin, China

Yanxi CHEN,Zhiguang NIU,Jiaqi BAI,Yufei WANG

期刊论文

Application of BCP-2007 and UBC-97 in seismic vulnerability assessment of gravity designed RC buildings

Muhammad Usman ALI, Shaukat Ali KHAN, Muhammad Yousaf ANWAR

期刊论文

Assessing the impact on groundwater safety of inter-basin water transfer using a coupled modeling approach

Haifeng JIA,Shidong LIANG,Yansong ZHANG

期刊论文

Assessment of robustness of structures: Current state of research

Colin BRETT, Yong LU

期刊论文

Liquefaction assessment using microtremor measurement, conventional method and artificial neural network

Sadegh REZAEI,Asskar Janalizadeh CHOOBBASTI

期刊论文

Controlling interstory drift ratio profiles via topology optimization strategies

期刊论文

Hazard and vulnerability evaluation of water distribution system in cases of contamination intrusion

Kunlun XIN, Tao TAO, Yong WANG, Suiqing LIU

期刊论文

Enhanced empirical models for predicting the drift capacity of less ductile RC columns with flexural,

Mohammad Reza AZADI KAKAVAND, Reza ALLAHVIRDIZADEH

期刊论文

A combined modulated feedback and temperature compensation approach to improve bias drift of a closed-loop

Ming-jun MA,Zhong-he JIN,Hui-jie ZHU

期刊论文

The use of Artificial Neural Networks to estimate seismic damage and derive vulnerability functions for

Tiago Miguel FERREIRA, João ESTÊVÃO, Rui MAIO, Romeu VICENTE

期刊论文

京津城际铁路桥梁沉降观测与评估技术

丁愿文

期刊论文

Impact of inter-fuel substitution on energy intensity in Ghana

Boqiang LIN, Hermas ABUDU

期刊论文

单一方法评价结论漂移性的测度研究

陈国宏,李美娟,陈衍泰

期刊论文

Experimental investigation and comparative study of inter-turn short-circuits and unbalanced voltage

Fatima BABAA, Abdelmalek KHEZZAR, Mohamed el kamel OUMAAMAR

期刊论文